Domestic Violence Against Women Essay

Various types of affinitys personify amid workforce and women. The status of women has endured a constant change and then changing the style they be perceived by other(a)s in sexual congressships. contempt numerous healthy relationships experienced, thither argon those which have blackball consequences to those twisting wholeness such relationship is that regarding interior(prenominal) madness. The term domestic wildness accord to Walker and Gavin refers to an intimate relationship between two adults in which one ally uses a pattern of breach and intimidating acts to ramble indicant and control over the other partner (Walker & deoxyadenosine monophosphate Gavin, 2011). at heart the context of this paper, domestic hysteria will refer to violent relationships between men and women where it is the women who be dupeized. The purpose of this paper is tri-fold (1) to address the development of domestic effect and (2) to examine various attitudes regarding domestic violence and (3) to discuss ways in which golf-club is needing with the print of domestic violence. Emergence and instruction According to feminists, strong patriarchal value held within a order are linked with increase risk of vituperate towards women (Watto, 2009, p. 561).Patriarchy exists in most societies worldwide (Watto, 2009, p. 563). The term patriarchy refers to the get under ones skin having full indorsement of his family (Romito, 2008, p. 30). in spite of appearance societys retaining this belief system, the wife and children are the fathers property (Romito, 2008, p. 146). Many findings have developed according to Totten. He found 1) labor divided by sexual family to be normal 2) men are to conquer women as sexual objects 3) black fashion is a justified regard ass for resolving conflict and 4) women should respect, succeed and depend on men (Totten, 2003, p. ). Thus, one can conclude that family violence is linked to the ideology of patriarchy (Duffy & axerophthol Momirov, 1997, p. 123). As well up, it is important to disgrace that we live in a society which religion is prevalent, the perform agrees with patriarchy (L. Walker, personal communication, October 3rd, 2011). Duffy & angstrom unit Momiov (1997) state Their histories are united in the longstanding moral obligation of men, as com existenceded by the Church, to ensure that their wives and children behave themselves properly. young-be acquire(prenominal) violence whitethorn be legitimately employed to ensure such behavior.It is the patriarchs Christian duty to save their souls (p. 123). Furthermore, considering society and the church agreed with the ideology of patriarchy, one can conclude that domestic violence was a private topic and was unheard or spoken of. The division of labor which has strong historical roots in society contri scarcees to women universe ill-used. During the Industrial Revolution, men were seen as responsible for making the wage to project the family and the women was responsible for her role in the home as housekeeper and mother (Hutchings, 1992).Unfortunately, according to Hutchings (1992), a man whitethorn anticipate to have more power by abusing his wife if he lives as though he is wanting employment in his occupation. It is the males pecuniary contributions into his home that gives him the chance to jest at his wife (Hutchings, 1992). Contributing Factors Leading to Domestic Violence as an Issue Domestic violence a deducest women would never have become an subject if it wasnt for the development of feminism (Duffy & adenosine monophosphate Momirov, 1997, p. 23). Feminism is divided into contrasting fly highs.The two waves which had a connection to the development of an issue of violence against women were one and two. It was prior to the development of the second wave of feminism, that domestic violence against women was horizon to be a private issue that did not warrant a concern from the public (Bla nchfield, Margesson, & group A Seelke, 2009, pg 1). The first wave occurred in Britain during the age of 1870-1930, it was concerned with womens citizen rights and the right to vote this wave lead to women gaining these rights (Charles, 2000, p. 22). Within this wave, women were concerned with being granted the vote (Crow & Gotell, 2009, p. 9). The second wave of feminism emerged in North American and Western Europe during the 1960s and focused on womens liberation (Charles, 2000, p. 1). During this wave, the feminists came to believe that the state had the power to demolish policies which affected women thus granting them certain rights (Charles, 2000, p. 5).Goals of the second wave were highlighted by Charles and deal with women raising domestic violence as an issue. He states During the 1970s, the suit formulated seven demands. These were for equal pay equal education and argumentation opportunities free contraception and abortion on demand free 24-hour urseries financial a nd good independence an end to all discrimination against lesbians and a cleaning ladys right to define her own sexuality freedom from bullying by threat or use of violence or sexual coercion, regardless of marital status, and an end to all laws, assumptions and institutions which perpetuate male lateralization and mens aggression towards women (Charles, 2000, p. 1). Successes were gained from the development of feminism. Male privilege was partly removed with the success of the feminist impulsions (Crow & Gotell, 2009, p. 59).Womens opportunities increased in relation to jobs, benefits, education, independence and affluence (Crow & Gotell, 2009, p. 173). Due to womens gain of independence, they raised their expectations of men and were more unwilling to excuse unacceptable male behavior (Crow & Gotell, 2009, p. 173). With the changing of expectations held by women, domestic assault and fluff laws were changes and policies which banned harassment in the workplace were created and restrain common (Crow & Gotell, 2009, p. 59). Addressing the Issue The 1960s give rise to the battered womens bm (Schneider, 1991).Prior to the development of womens movement, battering of women was not loved (Schneider, 1991). This movement viewed battering as a result of gender relations which reflected female person subordination and male power (Schneider, 1991). This movement strived to decrease the silence surround the issue of abused women and decrease societys tolerance of the acts (Crow & Gotell, 2009, p. 170). Furthermore, this movement has provided public education to increase awareness, operate to those obscure and constructed legal remedies to address and stop the abuse (Schneider, 1991).Due to the increased awareness of abuse against women, the Government of Canada has made an effort to decrease the occurrence. During May of 1981, the London guard were the first Canadian legal philosophy department to implement laying charges regarding conjugal union assault (Department of Justice, 2009). According to the Department of Justice (2009), In May 1982, the category of car park Standing Committee on Health, Welfare and Social affairs tabled its report, Report on Violence in the FamilyWife Battering.In it, the delegacy noted that constabulary training (at that time) generally instructed against the arrest of a batterer unless he was actually found hitting the victim or unless the victim had suffered injuries that were repelling enough to require a certain number of stitches. During July of 1982, the House of Commons suggested that Parliament push all police to lay charges for acts of wife tanning considering they lay charges for other forms of assault (Department of Justice, 2009).It was in any case suggested in 1983 by the federal official Provincial Task Force on Justice for Victims of Crime that there be written guidelines developed to direct officers to treat wife assault as a crime and that the act of prosecution b e made without the womans consent (Department of Justice, 2009). Guidelines were issued to Crown prosecutors and police as to how to deal with spousal abuse by 1986 from the Attorneys General and Solicitors General (Department of Justice, 2009). These guidelines required police to file charges if they had reasonable grounds to believe the women had been assaulted (Department of Justice, 2009).The Government of Canada has been making adjustments to received bills. billet C-15 was reintroduced in March of 2001 with the proposal of increasing the excoriate of iniquitous harassment to ten years from the previous five year sentence (Department of Justice, 2009). summit C-79 had been amended in December of 1999, to facilitate victims participation as well as that of the witnesses during the process of criminal justness (Department of Justice, 2009). For example, before the accused can be released on bail, the safety of the victim must be taken into account (Department of Justice, 20 09).Bill C-27 was reformed and implemented in May of 1997 it redefined the definition of criminal harassment (Department of Justice, 2009). During a sentencing of the accused, Bill C-27 also requires that the courts take breaching of court orders into consideration (Department of Justice, 2009). Bill C-41 which discusses sentencing was amended in 1996 thus allowing women to taste compensation for expenses accumulated from the needing to leave their house repayable to the abuse. (Department of Justice, 2009). Bill C-42 was reinforced during February of 1995 thus making it easier for victims to receive peace weds.Individuals and the police are now able to request a peace bond on a victims behalf who is at risk of harm (Department of Justice, 2009). The penalty for violating a peace bond has been raised from half a year to two years (Department of Justice, 2009). The final bill reformed was Bill C-126 which created a new charge of criminal harassment known as anti-stalking (Departm ent of Justice, 2009). Shelter programs have been a way of society filtrateing to uphold women of domestic violence (Koss, fair & Kazdin, 2011, p. 185). These programs have forward-looking a lot since they were introduced.Early shelters were only able to offer temporary body forth in the form of beds (Koss, snowy & Kazdin, 2011, p. 185). Fortunately, shelter programs have advanced to offer more immediate services to the victims. Today, many of the programs offer dower shelter, support groups, crisis lines which are open 24/7, counseling services, programs for children and advocacy for the victims (Koss, ovalbumin & Kazdin, 2011, p. 185). Fortunately, shelters have educated victims on their rights and options, taught them about community resources, shown them additional safety strategies and given them hope for the future (Sullivan, OHalloran & Lyon, 2008). premier response teams are in place to provide safety to victimized women. The team unremarkably consists of fond workers and/or trained advocates who assist police officers during or shortly after domestic violence arrests occur (Koss, White & Kazdin, 2011, p. 185). These teams promote the message to maltreaters that legal consequences result from their harmful behavior and they also educate victims about resources and community services available (Koss, White & Kazdin, 2011, p. 185). Discussion There are many ways in which society suffers from domestic violence against women.Family relationships suffer severely when women endure these frothing relationships (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. 6). Family members are harmed as well (Duffy & Momirov, 19997, p. 6) for example observant violence can affect the observer in a tangible, mental, and/or emotional manner. Victims of the violence may feel humiliated (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. 6). nonpareil reason a victim may feel humiliated is that the abuser is a loved one for whom they trust (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. 6). The hum iliation is usually experienced not only by the victim but also the accused but this may occur at differing times (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. ).The victim is likely to experience shame due(p) to the belief that they are being attacked (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. 6). Considering society doesnt want to experience negative emotions, the victims and/or accusers may turn up to subdue the feeling of shame thus leading to the possibility of them go violent (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. 6). The act of violence also affects those who witness it (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. 6). Those who have witnessed violence and then take away in relationships with others are likely to realize that their relationships are tainted (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. ). Due to these tainted relationships, institutions such as the police, the penal system, social services and the courts get involved with the issue to establish and break the cycle (Duffy & Momirov, 19997, p. 6). Individuals fail to int ervene in conflicts of domestic violence due to animated stereotypes.Many people liquid feel as though the issue is still a private matter, should only be dealt and discussed within the family and this it is a minor offence (Berry, 2000, p. 23). Unfortunately, people also believe they are mixed-up and cannot stop it issue from occurring (Berry, 2000, p. 3). Many people still believe that the issue is rare, thus they may train them self to believe it isnt authentically occurring (Berry, 2000, p. 22). It is believed by some that women are naturally passive and men are to be inherently aggressive, therefore abuse is inevitable and part of merciful nature (Berry, 2000, p. 23). Some believe that the women provoke the violence done getting angry at the man, nagging, or speaking their minds thus leading to the women merit to be beaten (Berry, 2000, p. 22).Furthermore others believe it is a problem due to increased poverty or stress, thus making it limited to those of a lower class ( Berry, 2000, 23). Despite the negative consequences women face in these black relationships with men, some choose to not seek help. Many women may feel as though they are forced to stick in these relationships to avoid becoming a lone mother living a aliveness of poverty (Crow & Gotell, 2009, p. 85). One can understand why women may fear becoming victims of poverty because despite their wages increasing, they still crap far less than men (Crow & Gotell, 20009, p. 5). Walikhanna (2009) has many thoughts of why women stay 1) women may keep the issue silent for the sake of their children 2) education or training may be lacking thus they are hooklike on the man 3) they may believe the abuse is part of their fate or a way of living (p. 72).The women may fear the man will seek revenge (Department of Justice, 2009). Victims may live in obscure communities or face communication, cultural or language barriers (Department of Justice, 2009). Furthermore, these are but few of the re asons the issue is still prevalent thus the authorities are unable to intervene. Sometimes strategies engaged prove to be ineffective. During the beginning of an disgraceful relationship, the women usually employ various strategies to diminish the violence (Denmark, Rabinowitz & Sechzer, 2005, p. 398). They may call the police, seek the help of family members or the church, turn to their doctors or try to change their characteristics which the man criticizes (Denmark, Rabinowitz & Sechzer, 2005, p. 396).Unfortunately, they men will find other ways to criticize the women, the police may only diffuse the have situation, family members and/or the church may advise the women to do everything in the relationship to salvage their families and doctors may respond to the women with sleeping pills, antidepressants and tranquilizers (Denmark, Rabinowitz & Sechzer, 2005, p. 396). Future moment Despite all the changes society has implemented, more needs to be through with(p) to mak e this issue non-existent. Lots of cases in which the women are abused go unreported to police but fortunately the reported cases have increased (Department of Justice, 2009).Presently, the stigma once attached to women who admit to being victimized and seek help has declined (Berry, p. 22). Fortunately, as more stories make public awareness, their attitudes regarding the issue their attitudes are changing they are becoming more aware of its detrimental cause as well as the negative consequences of not getting involved (Berry 1995). Community implemented programs attacking domestic violence has also seen amazing results (Berry, 1995, p. 27). The effectiveness of all future outreach programs depend on the communities attitudes (Sen, 1999, p. 37).It has been suggested that all money used to stop domestic violence has promoted the victim instead providing social solutions (Sen, 1999, p. 37). For Example the accused are threatened with a jail esthesis instead of trying to change the m ans ideology which causes to seek power though the use of violence and intimidation (Sen, 1999, p. 37). Futhermore it has been thought that men who abuse women do not believe they are criminals one drive found that 80 percent of those accused has no previous march with the law (Sen, 1999, p. 36).Unfortunately, recognizing an abuser is not easy (Walikhanna, 2009, p. 3), therefore one way of intervening in cases of domestic violence is being able to recognize the signs. Signs of a women being abused include being anxious or afraid to please their man, doing everything he says, going along with what he does, women checking in with their partner often to report their actions, constant harassing telephone calls or the women discussing her partner as possessive, jealous or having a temper (Smith & Segal, 2011). Signs of physical use include having frequent accidental injuries, constant absences without explanations, and wearing clothing which hides marks (Smith & Segal, 2011).Sig ns of isolation include restrictions to see friends and family, limited doorway to credit cards, money or a vehicle and rarely being allowed in public without their partner. Furthermore, another type of abuse to observe for is psychological. Signs include low self-esteem, depression, anxiousness, being suicidal and expression of drastic personality changes (Smith & Segal, 2011). Despite various signs to observe to identify abuse, it is important to note that these are only signs, just because an individual is experiencing a sign does not mean she is a victim of abuse.These signs are only listed to better help society identify victims. Conclusion This paper discussed the changing of domestic violence from that of a private issue to becoming a public issue. Various attitudes, beliefs and interventions were also discussed. Feminists believe societys stress on patriarchal values is linked to women being victimized by men (Watto, 2009, p. 561). Victimization of women is shown throug h the division of labour. The emergence of feminism lead to domestic violence of women becoming recognise as an issue (Duffy & Momirov, 1997, p. 3). Feminism gained successes in relation to various issues. One of their great victorys which had violence against women recognized as an issue arose from the battered womens movement in the 1960s (Schneider, 1991). Following increased awareness of the problem, the Government of Canada has implemented various interventions to try and rid the country of the problem. Not only are women victims in this radiation diagram but so is society as a whole. Stereotypes are still present causing witnesses not to intervene.Some victims choose not to seek help despite the impact is has on them negatively. Unfortunately, there are victims who try to get help but are unsuccessful. Furthermore, despite all the surface made which deems this behavior unacceptable, it will continue to exist until more fall out can be reached. In an effort to rid the fut ure of the problem, emphasis needs to focus on societys attitudes and beliefs as well as being able to recognize possible signs of abuse. Nevertheless, this will hopefully rid society of the issue and if not then hopefully make it one that is near non-existent.