Why I Selected a Career Path as a Special Education Teacher Essay Example for Free

Why I Selected a Career Path as a superfluous Education Teacher EssayA career in circumscribed knowledge offers challenges and rewards, and plenty of opportunities for those interested in the field. specific education teachers have a wide range of preferences which determine the specifics of their tasks. They have the choice of working with children of any age, from infancy through high school graduation, for instance. They might choose to work with physically challenged children, or they might choose to focus on children who are mentally or developmentally challenged.Special education teachers help children grow socially and emotionally as well as intellectually. They attend to the modified needs of challenged children, and teach their students basic life skills suitable to their level of development and learning capability. Special education teachers require a special set of interpersonal skills. They must be patient, organized, motivating, positive, passionate, flexibl e, tolerant and compassionate. They must respect, fifty-fifty celebrate, differences among people.They must be assertive and resourceful enough to obtain the services their students need. They should be good at analyzing situations and solving problems, and they should have strong leadership qualities and a good sense of humor. As a special education teacher, I believe that it is of the utmost importance for our society to value and provide for those less capable, specially disabled children. I also believe that as an educator, I should provide a positive caseful from which others can follow and learn.Therefore, I will provide a small scale societal object lesson in my classroom. If others observe that disabled children are capable and desirous of learning, they will have less forethought of including and incorporating them into society on an everyday basis. In return, productive and happier people will reward our society. Through providing accommodations, resources and the me aning for disabled people to participate, fewer handicaps will develop which hinder both the disabled and society in general.Teaching is my passion, and I pursue it with a great deal of energy. I continuously look for shipway to improve my teaching, through innovative materials and processes. I always ask my students for suggestions on how to improve the class, and every semester, I incorporate some of their suggestions. I want the students to view their learning experience in my class as something different, something that holds their interest and helps them to learn. I want them to look forward to the class, to come to class ready to learn.

The Study on the Teaching Quality and Teachers Role Under New English Curriculum Standards Essay Example for Free

The Study on the Teaching Quality and Teachers Role Under innovative side of meat Curriculum normals EssayAbstr performWith the increasing globalization and inter guinea pigization, incline is scaming a to a greater extent and more than important role in the world, especially in China. Also, incline education is being more and more emphasized by educators and the whole society. How to change the whole step of side education has already been the condense of many countries in which face is regarded as a second or foreign language. One impressive way to improve the quality of position education is to improve the qualities of side instructors, that is, the progress of instructor increase. strike words aged(a) risque enlighten, quality, role.1 Introduction1. Research background With the increasing globalization and internationalization of countries in the world, slope is more and more widely utilized and its role in the society is increasingly important. In add ition, in many countries where English is regarded as a second or foreign language, English has already deform a necessary demand for many jobs. Those who can read English books, drop a line English articles and communicate with others in English may be easier to be employed. Such tendency requires people, especially the young, to improve their English language ability.Therefore, English education, which is a crucial way to help people attain English better, is becoming much more important. Over the past several decades, expertise and educators are decision methods to improve the quality of English education. The instruct of teachers professional skills is cardinal of those issuingive methods which can better English education. Since Chinas reform and opening, the scale of its English education has continually grown, attended by remarkable achievements in pedagogics and learning. However, English education in its current form is blending to meet the involve of contemporary social and economic conveyment.The current round of reforms to the English curriculum aim to end the future(a) practices Over-emphasizing the transmission and explanation of companionship about grammar and vocabulary Neglecting to develop students ability to use language for materialIn their place, the reforms aim to establish a curriculum that Develops students comprehensive language competence Motivates students, is relevant to their manner experiences and cognitive level Promotes task-based pedagogics methods Involves students in experiential, mulish, participatory and cooperative learning Develops students positive attitudes, thinking skills, practical abilities, cultural awareness and autonomy through the language learning process2. Research purposes Since teacher development is more and more crucial in the field of education, this study is of great use. For one thing, with the basis of old studies and researches, this research, which analyzes the teachers qualit y and role needed downstairs New English Curriculum Standard For Senior mettle School, can provide more useful training and resources for the progress of theoretical study. For another, it as well as has practical meanings because much(prenominal) research may provide useful modules to develop teachers in China, including training for pre-service teachers and in-service teachers, such as teacher preparation programs and training courses. These may be useful for the practical progress of the training of teachers in China or even in other countries2. Professional quality of teacher under New English Curriculum Standard For Senior Middle SchoolA qualified English teacher in major(postnominal) marrow naturalize not only have to possess the canonic quality of regular senior heart instruct, which is individuality, training capability, dedication, education theory and teaching research ability, simply alike have to have special attainment of English teacher of senior middle tutor. taken together, it generally includes several points below2.1 A deep love for English teaching of senior high school. English teaching of senior middle school is absolutely necessary of the whole education. Our English teacher of senior high school must closely connected personal work with enhancement of quality of the whole nation, cultivation of Four possessions socialism citizen and task of cultivation of new coke cross-cultural pillars of the national construction. We need to look far ahead and aim high, and profoundly realize the far-reaching meaning of English teaching in senior middle school, so as to generate deep affection to the three feet syllabus and be happy to dedicate our youth to educational business.2.2 Teacher should enjoy high prestige and miss universal respect. An English teacher of senior middle school must intentionally supervise for not only teaching of contour ,but also students physical and mental development . Teachers should teach and prom ote students at the corresponding time. No matter at work or in liveness, they should let the cat out of the bag and act cautiously, set themselves as example to students, and preserve in doing it.2.3 Have high level language quality. Our English teacher in senior middle school should possess full-blooded professional basic skill, proficiently apply their language technique and acquaintance, and scale a certain quantity of vocabulary and background knowledge of British and American culture in the meantime. Therefore, teachers should continuously improve their language quality. Only if they can speak standard mandarin and fluent English, can they attract students to do corresponding training of listening, speaking, reading and written material like a mag internet.2.4 Have teaching skills of Practice makes double-dyed(a). English teaching in senior middle school requires teachers to teach their students in accordance with their aptitude based on tell apart specialties. For ex ample, The senior 2(9) class I am teaching is arts class with active girls and the senior 2(4) class is comprehension class with most of them boys and poorer foundation. I often study the specialties of the arts class and science class, and I spare for design with different style and totally different teaching process and mode even for analogous teaching content to adapt to teaching of different class. According to the psychological and physiological characteristics of senior middle school students, curriculum standard request English teacher in senior middle school make teaching more artistic. Teachers need to devote a lot of time in acting, singing, drawing, making, ect., and crucify rules and methods of English teaching of senior middle school to achieve double effects of teaching.2.5 Have teaching outline and culture consciousness quality. Curriculum standard request teachers should consciously use their teaching strategy to help students form suitable individual learning strategy, thus to achieve satisfying learning effect for both teacher and students. English teacher of senior middle school should be student oriented, develop student individuality, help students optimize their learning method and improve ego learning ability. Teacher should also emphasize EQ education and trail their coordination consciousness and teamwork spirit, and have students learn communication, interaction, listening, appreciation and respect term building confidence. Only autonomous, cooperative and investigative learning can make them build up solid foundation for future society. English is language teaching with rich culture connotations.In English teaching of senior middle school, culture can be Historical geography, local customs and practices, traditional customs, life style, literature and art, dinner Etiquette etc. of English-speaking countries. For example, Unit 1 Annes Diary of class in Book 1 involves tears of blood of Jews Unit 2 English Around the World tel ls us different standard English of different countries Unit 3 Travel Journal let us know river of the six states-Mekong River, and Lancang River is the most important international river of Southeast Asia. English teacher of senior middle school should continuously improve their teaching strategy and cross cultural consciousness to be variable to English teaching request of curriculum standard.2.6 Ability to apply multi-media and several kinds of teaching methods. Teachers should master several teaching tools and methods, which is one of the basic quality requests to English teachers of senior middle school by new curriculum standard. Tape recorder, film slide, pictures, self made teaching tools, courseware, multi-media, etc., are all potent teaching tools and methods to attract senior school students to learn English. With the development of science technique that makes great changes of information society, multi-media teaching has entered into urgent era for nationwide populari zation. English teacher of senior middle school should be familiarly and freely make use of this modern technique to motivate students learning interest of English, cultivate their positive learning attitude and have them positively participate in English activities, thus to improve English teaching efficiency.3. Role request of New English Curriculum Standard For Senior Middle School to English teacher of senior high schoolCurriculum standard request English teachers of senior middle school should be quickly adaptable to diversified role change. In total, teacher should play below roles in school education.3.1 The roles of imparting knowledge and educating people. Preacher, teach knowledge and authorize confusion, social request and expectations determine that English teachers of senior middle school should firstly play the role of imparting knowledge and educating people in school education. In modern English class of senior middle school, teacher should change the education from one person alone has the say to allow everyone to have they say, from parental teaching to partner discussion education. Teacher is initiator of human knowledge and educator of teaching by personal example. In students eyes, English teacher is living dictionary of English knowledge and also the source of cross cultural consciousness education. Therefore, the knowledge we impart must be accurate and updated, and also contemporary.3.2 The role of administrator. Besides class teacher, English teacher of senior middle school is also the leader and manager of students group. To ensure the English class to proceed successfully and receive esteem effect, teacher should not only teach but also manage, which means on the one side, English teacher should painstakingly organize class teaching, on the other side, emphasize the management of class discipline. There is no doubt that there is cacogenesis in every class. For the growing senior middle school students, teacher should give more pos itive education, communicate with them calmly, equally walk into their inner world and use more friendly talk, thus to make them sincerely convinced.3.3 The role of psychological orientation. English teacher of senior middle school should also be a server of psycho hygiene. On the one side, they should exact students to live healthily and positively. For students attach too much importance to science and make light of English, teacher should teach and help him in earnest, and make him not lose this course in the same starting line. For students with internet addiction, teacher should help them hardly cut out the bad habits of net play, help them catch up on drop classes, help them get rid of over self abasement, anxiousness, impulsiveness to regain normal mentality and prevent the happening of different psychological problems. On the other side, when students fail in test and suffer from psychological frustrations, teacher should try to create an understanding and permissive harmo nical atmosphere to comfort and cure students broken heart in teachers expected eyes.3.4 The role of innovative researcher. English teacher of senior middle school should master modern technology, which is one the guarantee for class teaching quality. Network techniques are the core of modern technology. It provides wide space for class teaching with powerful green light request, interactive manner, open space and extensive information source. Therefore, the master of computer applicability techniques is one of the standards to evaluate new era teachers. Multi-media provides great platform for English teachers to proceed with listing, speaking, writing and reading trainings. Therefore, we must perfect ourselves in multi-media teaching like self making courseware and film slide by continuously learning, rethinking and unalterable innovation. We should possess the ideology of lifelong learning, write teaching postscript and paper in time, and change state innovative investigative t eacher.4. Conclusion The best way to learn is to learn from the best. Teaching problem is in the main teacher problem. Quality of teacher had direct influence in the study of students. We can say that splendiferous English teacher of senior middle school can teach excellent students. Diversification of teacher roles determines the important meaning and weighty responsibility of teacher occupation, and also the high quality request of English teachers of senior middle school. Therefore, under the guidance of curriculum standard, our English teachers of senior middle school should possess high quality and be suitable for transition of diverse roles, so as to become the pioneer of new curricular reform of senior middle school in 21 century and remain invincible.

Not White Just Right Response Essay Example for Free

non White Just Right Response EssayAfter reading Not White, Just Right, an article by Rachel Jones, I could not help but relate to her. In the article, Jones elaborates more on her popular essay, Whats Wrong with barren English while also mentioning others who overlap in her opinion. I, too, was ridiculed in school for talking too white. In public schools African American students are mocked and shunned by their brothers and sisters for speaking or even behaving in an expert manner, as if intelligence is unsatisfactory in our community. I have been the outcast for that single reason. However those who spoke like third graders in the tenth grade were praised and welcomed in the Black community. To that I have to admit that we have fallen from the generation of Dr. King and Fredrick Douglas, when we knew as African Americans that we are just as intelligent as Caucasian men. This is not the future our leaders have fought so hard for. It is infuriating to witness young African Americans not only in public school but in college speaking as if they have no intelligence.I am only a freshman and I cannot count the number of times Ive heard other freshmen and upperclassmen use grammatically incorrect phrases like, what that is and I aint goin nowhere. Speech like this amongst my African American peers only angered me in high school, now it depresses me. It is depressing to see so some amend African Americans speak as if they had dropped out of high school, just because it is cool and they do not want to talk white.A mentality like that will always keep us as African Americans at the bottom of society. How do we expect to be seen as equally intelligent as Caucasian people if we do not even speak as if we are educated on a higher level? Therefore, in conclusion, I would like to thank Rachel Jones for writing those dickens texts about young African American lingual. It is about time that someone made it public to the Black community that this speech is NOT con serving our culture it is keeping us from reaching our goals and becoming successful.

Science and Technology in Childcare

Science and Technology in childc beIntroductionThis paper identifies the habitual thought in relation to acquisition, a broad paper and the allow scientific concepts which dope be introduced to the children. Using Slowmation as a digital resource, it plunder be utilise to develop to support the concept development and the figmentboard to designate steps from everyday to scientific concepts.The everyday concept identifiedFrom the observations obtained from the first assignment, the everyday concept identified is that the establishs are thirsty, according to Anns possibility as she waters the demonstrates daily. From her recognizeing, the leaves are always thirsty and by watering on the leaves, it go forth not be thirsty anymore. Hedegaard and Chaiklin (as cited in Robbins, 2012) recommended that the most effective for skill happens when educators well-educatedly takes into childrens account. By identifying Anns everyday concept, I cigarette then extend her understand ing in scientific concepts through with(predicate) intentional and businesslike facilitation. This everyday concept erect be utilized as a starting superman for cognition experiences (Anderson, Ellis, Jones, 2014).Topic chosen and Scientific ConceptsBased on the everyday concept which I contain identified, Plants would be the broad topic for children to govern out more. As children are brisk and competent learners (Stoecklin, 2012), this topic would encourage children to have hands-on interaction, play and discovery as they would be involve in lay wee seeds, which lead to understanding the scientific concepts relating from their everyday concepts.Children often began to ask questioning and engaging with earthy and physical world which resulted in children constructing their own hypotheses from their everyday experiences (Anderson, Ellis, Jones, 2014). These concepts which children had organized does not have to be replaced, instead, it can be rationalised through facili tation (Anderson, Ellis, Jones, 2014).These are the specific scientific concepts that I aimed for the children in my class to understand almost curriculumts need water, light, minerals, warmth, air,Plants get the water from their rootsSeeds wrick into go unders with roots, stems, leaves, and flowersSome plants grow from rootsA plants roots use the soil to hold the plant in place. The plant can grow tall if it has a strong base.I have revisited some of these scientific concepts to assist me in bread and butter the childrens teaching and develop it into digital teaching resource.According to Science of Life Explorations (n.d.), it explains what a plant need for emersion. Each segment describes the environmental factors affected the growth of a plant. Too much or also little of each factor will slow down the development of the plant.To support Anns learning of her everyday concept plants are thirsty and relating to the scientific concept plants need water and cheerfulness to g row, I read up the factors affecting the growth of a plant and I learnt that too much water can make a plant die as plants roots need space and air to breathe.I also looked up How Stuff Works to risk out more about how water helps in growth of the plant. In my readings, I reaffirmed that plants take in water through their roots and plants need water to support them (Freeman, n.d.). Thus, in my preparation for my resource, I will include this recognition concept in my digital resource.In addition, I also learnt that these scientific concepts are interlinked. To understand the growth of a plant, these are important factors which I hope the children will eventually understand as part of their potential learning progress.Digital ResourceThe digital resource that I would select to develop to support and share this concept development would be to use slowmation. Slowmation (abbreviated from Slow Animation) is a simplified way of telling a story or explaining a concept that is played t ardily at two second per second (Fleer Hoban, 2012). I believe that by using slowmation, I am able to share with the teachers on how this digital resource can be a pedagogical for polish their science teaching. Slowmation is being used as a method of encouraging teachers to begin to identify their childrens understanding in relation to their science topic which they are investigating (Keast, Cooper, Berry, Loughran, Hoban, 2010).Slowmation can be created through these five connecting representations (McKnight, Hoban and Nielsen, 2011). The first step is to write down notes from prior experiences, followed by using a storyboard to plan for sprightliness to making simple models or using cameras to captures of models and moving them manually and lastly to create the sustenance.Although Slowmation is exchangeable to clay animation and digital storytelling, it is easier to be implemented in a classroom and it displays the features like purpose, timing, orientation, materials and e ngine room (Hoban, Nielsen, 2012).In relating back to the science concept, the growth of a plant can be narrated using Slowmation. In this case, I decide to pick a sunflower seed to demonstrate the growth of the plant. The purpose would be to explain on how a sunflower would grow from a seed. Childrens knowledge gained on the things such as sunlight and water which a sunflower needed to grow can be narrated in the animation. Fewer photos will be needed as animation is played slowly. The orientation of the models are normally in 2D, hence, it can be placed on the table and makes it easier to manipulate plot of ground capturing the photos. The materials used for the animation are easily available as it can be cabbage, drawings, pictures or 3D objects such as rocks, leaves, or seeds. This will be kick upstairs explained in the storyboard.When teachers have gathered the childrens understanding science concepts about plants, it can be added into the animation and explain it in the na rrative form. The main idea of slowmation is that a narration can be added to explain a particular science concept while the models are animated as in a narrated flip book (McKnight, Hoban and Nielsen, 2011).In a research make by Keast et al., (2010), they mentioned that Slowmation were most effective when the concept is self-contained and easy to summarise and represent after a series of lessons. It is also suggested that teachers who were introduced to Slowmation had incorporated into their teaching had benefited their childrens learning as it has helped them to better understand how their students substantial their undemanding in their science concepts (Keast et al., (2010).Storyboard Reviewing on the scientific concepts based on the ripening of a plantSlowmation worked well as a review for the topic, taking in the major concepts of the topic (Keast et al., 2010). Taking into considerations from the everyday concepts identified, the storyboard described how the everyday conce pt leads to scientific concepts.Based on their knowledge gained, the children can narrate the story. The story began where Ann likes to water the plants then to finding out how plants grow using sunflower seeds. They can use dough to make a sunflower or even used a literal sunflower in the story. While introducing the tools for planting, the real objects can be captured to include it in the Slowmation. In the following sequence of the story, children can draw out each stage of the plant, until it turned into a sunflower. Each step is carefully plan in such a way that the information that is needed to be shared is drawn.As the animation is play slowly at two frames per second, the children are able to view the process of the plant growing as part of the reflection. They will also explain the nutrients the plant need in order to growth and identifying the parts of the plant. To conclude the animation, a song about a little seed (refer to appurtenance 2) can be added at the end of t he story.In this storyboard, it is also clearly explained what plants need in order for it to grow, how a tiny seed grow into plants with roots, stems, leaves and flowers by using a sunflower to demonstrate the scientific concepts. backing Childrens Further Learning of the Scientific ConceptsIn addition to the digital resource, I would plan for an environmental project, in this case creating a garden to further enhance the environment and at the same time, the children would be applying the scientific concepts which they have learnt while embarking on this project. In addition to that, the children would also be exposed to learning about sustainable development.Banks (as cited in Fleer, Jane, 2011) reasoned that children should be practiced at thinking at a social, environmental, cost-effective, technical, moral and social level. While creating a garden to further enhance on the school environment, the children would further develop more scientific concepts such as growing root veg etables such as carrots, onions, garlic by placing these vegetables into the soil. The children will also be involved in technological thinking skills as they are thinking about their environment in school, designing and planning how they would want to create their garden. They will be using their imagination and creativity to create their garden. For example, the children may use materials they could use for their planters. This could an empty bottle, a container or even a tyre. Vygotsky (as cited in Fleer Jane, 2011, p. 89) mentioned that imagination is not just an idle mental amusement, not barely an activity without consequences in reality, but rather a function essential to life. The children also search how to use gardening tools while doing planting.While planning, designing meaningful experiences for the children, the Ministry of Education (MOE) in Singapore has actual the iTeach principles to set as a guide for educators to take into consideration during their preparat ion in engaging with the children in bringing in everyday and scientific concepts together. Teachers as facilitators of learning (MOE, 2012) extended and scaffold the childrens learning through their abilities and experiences. This can relate to Rogoffs three lenses of analysis on how educators can observe their children in school (Robbins, Bartlett, Jane, 2006).Children learn when they are engaged in play that enjoyable and thoughtfully planned (MOE, 2012, p. 34). This description describes that play is the main tool for children to explore and learn in the environment. When children are engaged in purposeful play, the children are involved in not just only play, but bringing in active participation of children exploring, developing and applying their skills and knowledge based on their cultural, interests and abilities (MOE, 2012). In relating back to the everyday concept identified, Anns interest was displayed as she was watering the plants and this led to exploring more scient ific concepts such as plants gets water from their roots, and find out what plants need in order to grow.As an educator, I have to constantly reflect on my teaching on how I can thoughtfully create stimulating and challenging environment that rush childrens curiosity and sustain meaningful learning (Childrens Services Central, 2012). With intentional teaching (Childrens Services Central, 2012) in mind, I would place materials and tools purposeful and deliberately for children to notice and make use of them. I would also carefully choose the contextual learning environment for children to be engaged in. As my marrow has a luxury of greenery space, it will definitely benefit the childrens learning in this sure learning context where children construct more everyday concepts and relating it to the scientific concepts making real and relevant to the real world (MOE, 2012).ConclusionAs an educator, it is important for me to understand how much the child already knows, how I can enhanc e the learning potential by bringing in personal experiences and incorporating intentional teaching while making use of the cultural influences and context available. The learning does not end once the child knows it should be a learning journey for the children as they apply the skills in the real world. For educators, we should make an effort to outgrowth our knowledge in science and develop confidence in teaching science (Robbins, 2012). Using digital resource has definitely helped me in explaining science concepts and made it easier for children and teachers to understand.ReferencesFleer, M., Jane, B. (2011). Design and technology for children. (3rd ed). Frenchs Forest NSW Pearson Australia.Robbins, J. (2012). Learning science in informal contexts The home and community. In Campbell, C Jobling, W. (Eds) Science in Early Childhood (pp.94-112). way Melbourne Cambridge University Press.Robbins, J. Bartlett, J. Jane, B. (July, 2006). Childrens technological and scientific think ing in block play A cultural-historical perspective. Paper presented at 40th Annual Conference of the Australasian Science Education Research Association, Deakin University, Geelong Australia.Anderson, J. L., Ellis, J. P., Jones, A. M. (2014). Understanding Early unsophisticated Childrens Conceptual Knowledge of Plant Structure and Function through Drawings. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 13(3), 375-386.Fleer, M., Hoban, G. (2012). Using Slowmation in early childishness centres Possibilities and imaginings for intentional teaching. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 37(2), 61-70.Keast, S., Cooper, R., Berry, A., Loughran, J., Hoban, G. (2010). Slowmation as a pedagogical scaffold for improving science teaching and learning.McKnight, A., Hoban, G., Nielsen, W. (2011). Using Slowmation for animated storytelling to represent non-Aboriginal preservice teachers awareness of. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 27(1), 41-54.Hoban, G., Nielsen, W. (2012). Using Slowm ation to modify preservice primary teachers to create multimodal representations of science concepts. Research in Science Education, 42(6), 1101-1119.http//www.cscentral.org.au/Resources/intentional-teaching-web.pdfhttp//www.letstalkscience.ca/hands-on-activities/life-science/how-do-plants-soak-up-water.htmlhttp//science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/earth/geophysics/h2o5.htmAppendicesAppendix 1Appendix 2Little Seed RhymeFirst you take a little seedAnd plant it in the groundThen you pour some water onAnd let the sun shine downAnd watch it grow and grow and grow and growGrow it up to the sun sun sunAnd let it bloom and bloom and bloom and bloomFlowers for everyoneName press Si Hui Student ID 25687514 Page 1

Role of Financial Development in Total Factor Productivity

Role of fiscal growth in Total Factor productivenessTHE ROLE OF FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN TOTAL gene PRODUCTIVITY OF VIETNAMS MANUFACTURING SECTORThesis investigate DesignInstructors Team of MDE LecturesStudentH Bo Trn1. Problem statementThere is a large illuminateerature abtaboo the marry between monetary create and stinting growth. Many studies indentify that productiveness as one channel done which finance affects growth. The importance of monetary exploitation in raising productiveness and promoting economic growth has been discussed in many reports (e.g., Goldsmith 1969 McKinnon 1973 Shaw 1973 Greenwood and Jovanovic 1990 Bencivenga and Smith 1991). The monetary system pressure handicaps monetary development and results in misallocation of resources, hence condense productivity and economic growth. As the financial systems develop well, overall economic productivity leave alone be improved through the efficient reallocation of resources. At sign of the zodiac take, financial development of a unswerving allows a firm to appropriate new business opportunities, conduct investment and research activities, withd peeled a defense against financial and non-financial shocks and achieve higher(prenominal) productivity. More importantly, firm productivity is an essential index in transforming financial market development to economic growth at macro level. There be in like manner many empirical studies about the impact of financial development on productivity efficiency. Levine (2005), Beck et al. (2005) propose out that financial constraints, including low liquid and limited access to financial resources, make the growth dischargedidate of firms worse.In Vietnam, manufacturing firms play an important role in the decade of economic growth. In 2013, there be 60700 businesses closed. There argon many reasons such as long loss profit, management capacity, operating restrictions and wishing of funds business In which, financial market de velopment offers a crucial impetus for enhancing firm competitiveness and catalyzing industrialization.In Vietnam the scientific research using a panel data to find out the role of financial development in constitutional doer productivity of Vietnams manufacturing sector is limited. This consume will present the evidence of this linkage using panel data for manufacturing firms from 2003 to 2009.2. Research objective2.1. Research objectivesTo estimate the TFP growth rate of manufacturing sectorTo find the role of financial development in radical factor productivity of Vietnams Manufacturing Sector.To give policy implication for astir(p) firm productivity2.2. reaching of the studyThe study will examine the role of financial development in join factor productivity of Vietnams Manufacturing Sector using the panel data of 2003, 2005, 2007, and 2009.3. Literature review1. productivity Concepts and stepmentsProductivity is commonly specify as a ratio of a volume measure of output to a volume measure of input use (Schreyer and Pilat 2001) or in other words, how much of output which is obtained from a given set of inputs (Syverson 2010).Productivity = Quantity of outputs produced/ Quantity of inputs consumedProductivity measurement efforts to point out improvements in using the capital resources, that is, to motivate and evaluate efforts to produce more inputs with fewer inputs while maintaining feature.TFP is used to measure the firm productivity. It captures the growth, which could non be explained by changes in production inputs, thus it kitty serve as a traditional proxy of productivity improvement. However, there is a correlation between un patent productivity shocks and optimal choices of input. There are at least two approaches to measure the TFP, which account for the sensitive of optimal input levels to the productivity shocks. First approach is the Olley-Pakes TFP measurement which uses investment as a proxy for productivity shocks (Olley and Pa kes 1996). Another approach is the Levinsohn-Petrin TFP measurement which uses intermediate inputs as a proxy for productivity shocks (Levinsohn and Petrin 2003).In this study, I will use the Levinsohn-Petrin TFP measurement to discover for the unobservable productivity shocks because of three reasons. Firstly, the dataset of firm investment is not available, thus the the Olley-Pakes TFP measurement will not be feasible. Secondly, even if the investment data is available, the estimation can be suffered from the truncated report zero investment of firms. Finally, the Levinsohn-Petrin TFP measurement is more acceptable than the Olley-Pakes TFP measurement because of it is reinforced from production theory.Assuming a Cobb-Douglas function, TFP is often computed by estimating the equationyit = 0 + llit + kkit + it + it (1)Where yit is firms output, lit is firms labor, kit is firms capital y, l, k are all in the nature logarithm forms. i and t denote firm and time. it is a state varyi ng, which measures productivity. it is an error or a random productivity shock. Both it and it are unobservable variables.According to Olley and Pakes (1996), the OLS estimates of (1) can be dark-skinned because choice of variable inputs can be depended on the firms beliefs about the state variable i. If there is consecutive correlation in i, the variable inputs such as labor, materials, etc will be verificatoryly correlated with i. In order to control the bias in OLS estimates, they send word the following partially linear modelyit = 0 + llit + kkit + ht(iit, ait, kit) +it (2)in which it =ht(iit, ait, kit), ait is age of firm i at time t, iit is investment of firm i at time t. The unobservable variable it can be expressed by a function of observable variables.Levinson and Petrin (2003) point out that investment data at firm level is very lumpy (there are considerable adjustment costs). If it is true, the investment proxy will not smoothly respond to productivity shock. It viola tes the consistency condition. They propose the following modified modelyit = 0 + llit + kkit + mmit + it + it (3)mit is the logarithm of the intermediate inputs such as raw material, power, and electricity expenditures. Its input collect mit depends on the capital variable kit and productivity itmit = mt (kit, it)The demand of intermediate inputs mit is assumed to be monotonously increasing with it. It can be used as a proxy for unobservable variables. Therefore, the unobservable productivity it is expressed by the function of two variables kit and mit.it = mt (kit, mit)Substituting above equation to equation (3), the production function can be estimated.The coefficients of kit and mit can be recovered by GMM method with assumption that productivity is controlled by a first-order Markov process.it = Eit/it-1 + itit is an invention to productivity which can be correlated with labor but uncorrelated with capital.The logarithm TFP of firm can be obtained from the residual of unque stionable output and predicted output.2. pecuniary development and firm productivityThe important role of financial development in raising productivity and promoting economic growth has been mentioned in many public researches. In traditional growth theories, the role of financial development in growth is through factor accumulations, which are regarded as the main force behind economic growth. Financial development can contribute to impart factor productivity growth by increasing marginal productivity of capital (Goldsmith 1969). According to McKinnon and Shaw (1973), financial development also can improve efficiency of capital allocation so as to growing the aggregate saving rate and investment level. However, in traditional growth model, the impact of financial development on growth is limited due to diminishing return to scale of capital.Some recent researches also highlight the relationship between financial development and productivity growth. Jeanneney, Hua and Liang (200 6) analyze data from 29 Chinese provinces and find out that financial development has contributed significantly to TFP growth through its compulsive encumbrance on efficiency in the period from 1993 to 2001. Dabla-Norris, Kersting and Verdier (2010) use firm level dataset and find out that the positive effect of innovation on firm productivity is contributed from financial system. Firms enjoy the maximum benefits from innovation in countries with well-developed financial system. Minjia Chen (2012) examine a panel dataset of Chinese manufacturing firm from 1998 to 2007 also show that financial factors are highly essential to firms total factor productivity growth.At micro level, financial development affects productivity growth by various channels.A firm with better financial health tends to beat higher productivity level. Beck et al (2005) suggest that firm with high liquidity is expected to be bouncing to financial and non-financial shocks. Similarly, entrance to large external finance can help a company reduce the level of credit constraints, therefore increase their ability and existence in the market (Aghion et al 2007 Levine 2005).4. Overview of Vietnam SMEsIn Decree 90/2001 ND-CP from 2001 to 2009, SME is defined as an independent business establishment which registered capital not transcendent 10 billion VND or annual average number of workers not exceeding 300. From 2009 up to now, SME is defined as Small and medium enterprises are business establishment which have registered their business according to the righteousness and are divided into three levels of size very small, small and medium depend on the sizes of their total capital or their average number of workers (total capital is the priority standard).In term of size of employees, roughly 98.34% of firms are small or medium enterprises in 2012. These firms contributed to 40-60% GDP of Vietnam and over a half of total labors in 2011. SME has important role in Vietnam economy.The SME survey has been conducted by the Central Institute for scotch concern (CIEM), the Institute of Labour Science and Social Affairs (ILSSA) under the Ministry of Labour, Invalids and Social Affairs of Vietnam (MoLISA) and the Development economic science Research Group (DERG) of the University of Copenhagen. The research group selects ten provinces including Hanoi, Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Ha Tay, Phu Tho, Nghe An, Quang Nam, Khanh Hoa, range Dong and Long An. The sample covers around a third of manufacturing firms in Vietnam and seems to be the best forest to represent the characteristics of SMEs in Vietnam.5. Methodology5.1. ModelModelTFPit = 0 + 1 TFPi,t-1 + 2 ln LIQUIDITYit + 3 ln LEVERAGEit + 4 ln SIZEit + 5 ln AGEit + 6 ln COMit + 7 ln HUMANKit + 8 ln FOWNit + uitWhere i and t are index firm and time, respectively, uit is the random error term.The lagged TFP variable is important due to Levinson and Petrin (2003) estimation method. The authors assume that firm productiv ity follows a first-order Markov process. Therefore, the lagged TFP variable must be taken in the model for controlling the serial correlation.About the variables of financial development at firm level, my econometric specification contains two proxies of a firms financial quality liquidity (LIQUIDITYit) and leverage ratio (LEVERAGEit). A firm with better financial health tends to bring higher productivity level. Beck et al (2005) suggest that firm with high liquidity is expected to be resilient to financial and non-financial shocks. Similarly, entrance to large external finance can help a company reduce the level of credit constraints, therefore increase their ability and existence in the market (Aghion et al 2007 Levine 2005).Besides, we also control for several firm-specific characteristics to examine firm productivity performance. Firms size (SIZEit) intends to control for the impacts of economies of scale on firm productivity (Balk 2001). Firms size (SIZEit) and Firms age (AGEi t) have been found to be linked to firms productivity (e.g. Palangkaraya, Stierwald and Yong, 2009) and are used wide in analyzing firm productivity.Oliner and Sichel (1994 2000) indicate high-tech capital intensity (COMit) as another determinant of TFP. advanced capital accumulation has been proven to be an essential factor for raising productivity by improving operational efficiency, profits and, finally, productivity growth (Siegel and Griliches 1992). Another determinant should be considered that is human capital intensity. Since the nineties, developing countries in Asia, including Vietnam, have been focused on investing human capital, e.g education and training, to achieve higher economic growth. Therefore, it may be interest to estimate the extent of human capital intensity account for TFP.The in conclusion important determinant of firm productivity is mentioned widely in many researches of Arnold and Javorcik (2009), Benfratello and Sembenelli (2006), Germa et al. (2004) and Griffith (1999) is distant ownership (FOWNit). These researches suggest that foreign owned firms are potential to have superior managers, information network and ease to unify international market. Therefore, foreign firms are supposed to get higher productivity than domestic firms.5.2. Research hypotheses speculation H1 Financial quality (liquidity ratio) will have positive relationship with firm productivity. A firm with high liquidity tends to bring higher productivity level.Hypothesis H2 Financial quality (leverage ratio) will have positive influence on firm productivity.5.3. Data sourcesAll data sources are available at the stick with of Small and Medium scale manufacturing enterprises (SMEs) in Vietnam, from 2003 to 2009. It gives data about production and financial characteristics of firms such as gross revenue, capital, number of labors, materials, profits, liquid assets, fixed assets, liabilities, equityThe measurement of TFP requires information on a firms gross out put and production inputs. Net output is mensural by net sales of manufactured goods. There are three inputs in the empirical model labor, capital and intermediate materials. jade is the number of employees working for a company. Intermediate materials include components used in the manufacturing process. Capital is measured by the value of land, building as well as machinery, equipment, excluding the depreciation of assets.Financial development variables First variable is liquidity, which is measured by the ratio of liquid assets to total assets. Second variable is leverage ratio that is measured by the ratio of liabilities to equity.Control variables Firm size is measured by the total sales of a firm. Firm age is measured by the number of years a firm in operating. If a firm goes in an industry for less than one year, it is set up for zero. High-tech capital accumulation is measured by the number of computers used for each worker. The proportion of skilled labor to total worker s of a firm serves as the proxy of human capital investment. Finally, the ratio of investment capital undertaken by foreign parties relative to the total registered capital is used as a proxy of foreign ownership. Finally, the ratio of actual investment capital of foreign parties compared to the total registered capital is served as a proxy of foreign ownership.ReferencesAghion, P., T. Fally, and S. Scarpetta. 2007. commendation Constraints as a Barrier to the Entry and Post-entry Growth of Firms. economic Policy 22 731119.Arnold, J.M., and B.S. Javorcik. 2009. Gifted Kids or Pushy Parents? Foreign Direct Investment and Plant Productivity in Indonesia. Journal of International political economy 79 4253.Balk, B.M. 2001. Scale Efficiency and Productivity Change. Journal of Productivity Analysis 15 159183.Beck, T., A. Demirguc-Kunt, and V. Maksimovic. 2005. Financial and Legal Constraints to Firm Growth Does Firm Size Matter? Journal of Finance 60 137177.Bencivenga, Valerie R. and Br uce D. Smith, (1991), Financial intermediation and endogenous Control Unobservables, analyze of Economic Studies, Vol. 70, No. 2, 317-41.Benfratello, L., and A. Sembenelli. 2006. Foreign possession and Productivity Is the focalisation of Causality So Obvious? International Journal of Industrial and Organization 24 733751.Dabla-Norris, Kersting and Verdier, (2010), Firm productivity, innovation and financial development, International Monetary Fund.Girma, S., H. Grg, and E. Strobl. 2004. Exports, International Investment, and PlantGoldsmith, Raymond W. 1969. Financial Structure and Development. New Haven, point Yale University Press.Greenwood, Jeremy and Bruce D. Smith, (1997), Financial markets in development, and the development of financial markets. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 21 145-81. Review of Economic Studies 58 195-209.Griffith, R. 1999. Using the ARD Establishment Level Data to Look at Foreign Ownership and Productivity in the United Kingdom. Economic Journa l 109 F416F442.Levine, R. 2005. Finance and Growth Theory and Evidence. In handbook of Economic Growth Vol. 1, pp. 865934, edited by P. Aghion and S. Durlauf. Amsterdam North-Holland.Levinsohn, J., and A. Petrin. 2003. Estimating Production Functions Using Inputs to control for Unobservables. Review of Economic Studies 70 317341.Minjia Chen, (2010), Financial Effects and Firm Productivity Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Data.Oliner, S., and D. Sichel. 1994. Computers and Output Growth Revisited How man-sized Is the Puzzle? Brooking Papers on Economic Activity 1994 273334.Oliner, S., and D. Sichel. 2000. The Resurgence of Growth in the Late 1990s Is Information Technology the Story? Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 14, pp. 322.Olley, S., and A. Pakes. 1996. The Dynamics of Productivity in the Telecommunications Equipment Industry. Econometrica 64 12631289.Palangkaraya, A., Stierwald, A. and Yong, J. (2009), Is Firm Productivity Related to Size and Age? The Case of Large A ustralian Firms, Journal of Industry, tilt and Trade, Vol. 9, No. 2, 167-95.Performance Evidence from A Non-parametric Test. Economics Letters 83 317324.Schumpeter, Joseph A, (1911), The Theory of Economic Development. Cambridge great deal Harvard University Press.Siegel, D., and Z. Griliches. 1992. Purchased Services, Outsourcing, Computers, and Productivity in Manufacturing. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper 3678 Output touchstone in the Service Sector, edited by Z. Griliches. Chicago University of Chicago Press.Sylviane Guillaumont , Jeanneney, Ping Hua Zhicheng Liang, (2006), Financial Development, Economic Efficiency, And Productivity Growth Evidence from China, The Developing Economies, Institute of Developing Economies, vol. 44(1), pages 27-52.Thangavelu, Shandre M., (2013), Financial Health and Firm Productivity Firm-level Evidence from Viet Nam, ADBI Working Paper Series.Zhenhui, Sudeshna, (2013), Financial Development and Total Factor Productivity Evid ence from Indias manufacturing sector, Georgia College State University.

Service Quality Standards in Health and Social Care

advantage Quality Standards in wellness and amicable helpIn wellness and amicable enthr each on entires, reference is an of the essence(p) comp iodinent and a creation with m each opposite interpretations and perspectives. It is primal to some(prenominal) users of wellness and amicable c atomic shape 18 swear bring outs and external s admitholders. p tummy of ground completing this unit I suffer gained realiseledge of these differing perspectives and considered styluss in which wellness and c atomic number 18 divine return fibre whitethorn he im located. I protest tried to explore the requirements of external regulators and compargon them with the expectations of those who use serve. I even off active also learnt or so few methods that dismiss be utilise to assess dissimilar fibre perspectives, and develop the ability to assess these methods against swear out objectives. I reach also focussed on concepts of managing service grapheme with a n aim of achieving continuous improvement and exceeding minimum standards. I have made a sincere attempt to understand strategies for achieving choice in wellness and tender c be services. By completing this unit, I unfeignedly hope that I have learnt basics of as to how to evaluate trunks, policies and procedures in wellness and social c atomic number 18 services. I have learnt to the highest degree methodologies for evaluating health and social c be service eccentric.TASK 1Stakeholders atomic number 18 essential in health and social address regarding character discuss analysing the agency of external agencies in restrictting standards. (1.1 1.2)Stakeholder as unmatchable who is shootd in or affected by a course of action. Patients be leave of the stakeholder radical that both founders for our health fretfulness organisation and ar the end-user of it. The interests of health fearfulness organizations, medical victors and separate health apprehension providers argon delineate done various government bodies, professional organizations and labour unions.We moldinessinessiness probe and understand pure tone considering the perspectives of staff and also perspectives of those who use services. Quality king have the same outcome save opinions of the health and social upkeep staff and the tolerants office be quite different.In simple terms, quality is seaworthiness for purpose. Quality is rough wagering the service users requirements. If quality is about insureing service users requirements, it is authoritative to discover what these requirements atomic number 18. If we provide services with extras that service users dont want, we will non be adding quality.Stakeholders spate be the external agencies eg make out Quality Commission Supporting tidy sum National Institute for clinical Excellence wellness assistant Commissioners local authorities users of services eg condition users of services, families, attendingrs professi onals directrs permit workers. in that location argon some(prenominal) organisations in the UK get byn as health and social flush regulators. Each organisation oversees one or much of the health and social c ar professions by regulating respective(prenominal) professionals across the UK. These organisations, also hit the sackn as regulators, were toughened up to cheer the public so that whenever you see a health or social care professional, whether private or in the NHS, you stooge be sealed they meet the standards set by the germane(predicate) regulator.To practise profession in health and social care, people must be narrationed with the relevant regulator. If they are non registered and still practise, then they are breaking the law and they whitethorn be prosecuted. These registers are made up of only those professionals who have usher that they have met the standards set.These registers are open to the public. So if you want to check your professional is registe red, you throne do this any online or by c completelying the relevant organisation.In health and social care, professionals, clinicians and differents, whose work is informed by tralatitious bodies of fuckledge, are increasingly aware of the necessitate for continuous personal organic evolution. High- quality services cannot be sustained unless health and care staff are consistently engaged in learning, individu each(prenominal)y and to bring downher. completely care services withdraw to work to standards and have a system for measuring that they are meeting standards. The health care system has audits which check that services meet quality standards, while social services have inspection units which register and inspect services. Standards are influenced by laws, subsequent regulations, codes of conduct and values.All organisations much(prenominal) as homes, day centres or community services, need a system to monitor how effectively services are organism de stand firmred and whether service users are having their ineluctably met. Organisations whitethorn have their own quality monitoring systems. At a local level, quality office groups whitethorn seek to clarify, grade or set standards.Different parts of the system and external agencies need to work together, as part of a culture of open and dear cooperation, to identify potential or actual serious quality failures and take corrective action in the interests of protecting patients.Explain what the potential affects of not appropriately managing quality in health and social care settings might be? (1.3)If quality in health and social care settings is not appropriately commandd, this could flatus to serious consequences. It could lead to inability to improve the health and social well-being of people in the area for which they are responsible Planning and commissioning health and social care will be unable to meet the needs of people in that area. It will puzzle inability to secure the gifty to people in an area of health and social care that is safe, efficient, co-ordinated and cost-effective. withal the availability and quality of health and social care in that area will deteriorate. The development of standards, guidance and strategical targets will be stagnant. This would mean that local targets will not be achieved. It would mean that patient satisfaction will diminish and targets and expectations will not be met.Obviously, if the quality is inappropriately managed, it would have a significant impact on all three basic criteria. It would lead to poor clinical effectiveness. Safety of the patient ill not be guaranteed and this would lead to poor outcome in terms of patient starts.Where the restrictive bodies find that providers are not meeting the standards, they require them to improve and has a range of enforcement powers they can use. These powers include warning notices, penalties, suspension or restriction of a providers activities, or in extreme cases, c ancellation of a providers registration which effectively means city block of a service.Providers who train healthcare professionals also have a indebtedness to deliver training in a safe and effective elbow room in line with the standards set by the professional regulators. The professional regulators have an interest where the quality of training may put patients at risk.I. What are the major quality issues that were identified in the last State of complaisant Care (CSCI, 2009) standards account? What might be the implications for service users? (2.1)CSCIs cross, The State of affable Care in England 2009, concludes that services do not meet the expectations. The report is believed to highlight that social care services are struggling to meet peoples needs. Fewer people are receiving the care they need to enable them to live independent lives in their own homes. It is all so understood that the report will say on that point are continuing and chronic difficulties in recru itment and retention of staff throughout the whole care sector. mass, whether they pay for their care or are publicly funded, are not forever getting the individualised help that they need to make decisions about their support which in the want term can be costly to individuals, family carers, councils and the NHS.People are not always getting quality personalised support, specially those with multiple and complex needs, whatever of whom may have little, if any, choice about their care. There are extend tos about people who are lost to the system because they are ineligible for publicly funded support or are self-funders.There is an increased demand and resources are limited which is putting a lot of pressure. The report states that people who have complex needs are not getting personalised care. It notes excellent examples of people receiving the support they need but adds that too many people are not getting the undecomposed amount of personalised care.Many people do not get the discipline, advice or support they need to help them make informed choices about their care.Implications for service usersPoor quality service can disrupt funding, malign the reputation of organisations and individuals and lead to inappropriate planning decisions.Improving quality improves patient care and value for money.It is outstanding to improve quality because it will lead to preventing ill health and provide patient-centred care. It will also help to manage increasing demand across all programmes of care and to tackle health inequalities. Improved quality will lead to deliver a high-quality.People who would be affected the most because of poor quality will be mainly the older population, people with long-term conditions, people with a personal disability, maternity and child health, family and child care people using rational health services, people with a learning disability acute care and palliative and end of life care.There are many different approaches to under standing quality. Describe any three approaches of your choice highlight a accompaniment strength of each approach.Different understandings of qualityA car park quote is Some things are come apart than others that is, they have more quality. It is a grade of goodness or excellence. Quality therefore means open from defects. In my opinion, quality means patients satisfaction.After reading and learning more about quality, I have realised that quality can be understood with variour approaches. It can be measure in terms of the prodigious (highest standards) or in terms of conformity to standards. It can also be expositd as fitness for purpose, as effectiveness in achieving knowledgeablenessal goals and as meeting patients needs.Quality as exceptionalityThis is the more traditional concept of quality. It is associated with the idea of providing a service that is distinctive and special, and which confers status on the possessor or user.Many institutions emphasise that health and social care must have exceptional standards. However, it is not possible for the agency to condemn all other institutions. This approach is not always possible.Quality as ossification to standardsThe word standard is used to indicate pre-determined specifications or expectations. As long as an institution meets the pre-determined standards, it can be considered a quality institution fit for a particular status. This is the approach followed by most restrictive bodies for ensuring that institutions or programmes meet certain threshold levels.Quality as fitness for purposeThis approach has the following forelands Who will determine the purpose? and What are appropriate purposes?. The answers to these questions depend on the context in which quality is viewed. The purposes may be determined by the institution itself, by the government, or by a group of stakeholders.Quality as effectiveness in achieving institutional goalsIn this approach, a high quality institution is one that all the way states its mission (purpose) and is efficient in achieving it. This approach may raise issues such as the way in which the institution might set its goals (high, mince or low), and how appropriate those goals could be.Quality as meeting customers stated or implied needsThis is also a variation of the fitness-for-purpose approach. This is where the purpose is customer needs and satisfaction. Quality therefore corresponds to the satisfaction of the patients.Which approach to quality (you may favor one that isnt above) do you feel is more often used by providers of health and social care services users and why do you retrieve that this is the case? (2.2)Standards-based understanding of qualityIn my view, I think health and social care providers use an approach which is conformance to the standards. Many regulatory bodies set goals and aims for a particular healthcare setting and the organisation flora hard to achieve these goals.Implementing quality needs planning. There should be policies and procedures. regimen should set some targets. An audit can be an excellent dent to check if appropriate quality of care is being delivered. There should be constant monitoring and review should take location at first-string intervals. Good communication is the key to implement good quality. Proper information should be shared especially when shifts finish, hand over should be through with(p) adequately. We all should be open and ready for adapting to change.Standards minimum standards or opera hat practice should be the goal or certain benchmarks should be set. We must have measurable performance indicators. All health and social care settings should have codes of practice. There should be legislation in place which could either be local, national or European legislation.In the standards-based understanding of quality, health and social care institutions must demonstrate their quality against a set of pre-determined standards. These standards will set a t hreshold level of quality.However, quality assurance today has changed. While in the past quantitative criteria was enough to demonstrate that a standard had been met, more qualitative criteria is now incorporated and institutions may thus be able to more easily maintain their individuality.IV Suggest the potential barriers to delivering quality at this scheme and other health and social care services (2.3)There are a number of barriers to improving quality. It could be due to lose of proper implementation of put down procedures. There is a lack of incentives to change traditional ways of providing care. Also a lack of a patient-centered culture and values. star of the biggest problem is lack of relevant training and support. Also we dont have enough expertise in interpreting survey data. Sometimes it is just the resistance to change which can be quite difficult to overcome.We shall discuss relative impact of a range of potential barriers. The biggest constraint is the time avail able to focus on improving the quality of services, followed by a lack of leaders.People need to be identified, trained and supported to provide leadership and loading.Lack of leadership in delivering quality is an essential barrier.Training if not reliable aright could lead to poor quality in health and social care. We know there could be few health and social care workers who received no training, few who were trained in all the identified areas of quality, some who had been trained in only one area (predominantly clinical brass and audit) and the remainder received an inconsistent mix of training in different areas. A consistent package of core training in all facets of quality is needed for all NHS staff.Staff must be rewarded through the appraisal process, this could lead to a morale boost and lead to better quality of work.How does legislation (relating to quality) impact on the delivery of quality in health and social care service(s) offered in England and Wales? (3.1)Ru les and regulations must be followed because synthetic rubber depends on them. They usually come from one of two sources as they may be local and designed by the employer or they may have been designed by the government. Hospitals have their own policies and they also follow rules set by the NHS and the government. Wherever they come from, it is important that they are followed as they are put in place for the good of everyone.One of the main sets of rules and regulations is The wellness and Safety at Work Act 1974. This act provides the basis of health and safety law. It places superior general duties on all people at work, including employers and employees.All places of employment are subject to health and safety law. Employers must have relevant policies in place. These must be designed for health and social care so that all of the staff can follow them and obey with the safety laws. Most care establishments have the following policies like gust policy, lifting policy and haz ardous waste policy. When running or managing a care service and carrying on a regulated activity there are certain things you have to do by law. Though the legislation should be used as guidance only, and is not legal advice.Another important act is Health and Social Care Act 2008. The Health and Social Care Act 2008 established the Care Quality Commission as the regulator of all health and adult social care services. It is important to be aware of all the up to date provisions.We should try to describe quality and safety from the perspective of people who use services and place them at the centre of the registration system. It is important that anyone registered to provide or manage a regulated activity is aware of the guidance that has been produced. It is very important to be aware of the legal side of things so that we can ascertain the safety of patients and also ourselves.Identify other factors that might influence the exertion of quality in health and social care services (3.2)How to deliver high-quality healthcare in the most efficient manner possible is the question that is very important. In my opinion, healthcare delivery should be clinically effective, focusing on treatment outcomes, including survival rates, symptoms, complications and patient-reported outcomes. In my view, health and social care must be safe avoiding harm, looking after people in clean, safe environments, and reporting any medical errors or adverse events.One main goal should be ensuring that healthcare is available to all jibe to need and avoiding financial barriers that prevent access to necessary care.It is important that health and social care is efficient paying attention to value for money, evasion of unnecessary interventions, and careful use of limited resources. Health and social care should be responsive providing personalized, patient-centred care, delivered with compassion, dignity and respect measuring, analysing and improving patients experience and satisfacti on.How can health and social care workers mark their knowledge base is up to date and that their work is of a quality standard and what role and responsibilities do health and social care service providers have in likeness to this. (3.3)As health care or social care workers, we must endeavour to keep our knowledge base up to date and ensure that our work is of quality standard. Ideal care workers will go out of their way for patients, they try to understand what its like for the service user and carer they are happy and interested in their work and knowledgeable about their jobs and are always ready to help. Good communication is the key.We must attend seminars, meetings, group discussions and do online studying along with regular text bok reading. Group discussions and team work will help us to realise the gaps in our knowledge.Care workers should have knowledge of services and legislation relevant to users and carers needs. They must know about the make headway system and sourc es of funding, or who to refer to if they dont. It is of utmost importance that they know when and whom to ask for extra help. Health and social care workers should know about the people they are caring for. They should be familiar with the roles of other people in relation to meeting service user and carer need.Health and social care workers must understand their limitations and have up-to-date knowledge. It is recommended that care workers review their learning over the previous 12 months, and set their development objectives for the coming year. Reflecting on the past and planning for the future in this way makes your development more methodical and easier to measure. Care workers may already be doing this as part of their development review with an employer.CPD is a personal commitment to keeping our professional knowledge up to date and improving our capabilities. It focuses on what we learn and how we develop throughout your flight.As a professional, we have a responsibility to keep our skills and knowledge up to date. CPD helps us turn that right into a positive opportunity to identify and achieve our own career objectives. CPD is an opportunity to do ourselves some good the nature and scale of the benefit depends entirely on us.I. Identify method used to assess quality, evaluate the method with two more methods of your choice (one external and internal (4.1) beat the quality of health care has become a major concern for funders and providers of health services in recent decades. One of the ways in which quality of care is currently assessed is by taking routinely equanimous data and analysing that data. The use of routine data has many advantages but there are also some important pitfalls.The Measurement of QualityMethods for assessing quality can be various. We could use questionnaires, focus groups, structured and semi-structured interviews, panels, complaints procedures, feedback forms and road shows. fine questionnaires should be prepared which should be given to the patients to fill in their own time. This could give us a fair and honest opinion about our services. Small focus groups and interviews can also be a good technique. To achieve good levels of quality service, we must have complaints procedures in place. Feedback forms could be an excellent measure for quality of any service provided. This could also prove beneficial in improving the quality by acting upon any suggestions made by the patients.Scientific methods of measurement are increasingly necessary. military rank requires good methods in order for the resulting data to be useful. Further, data from evaluations are being used to create significant change within organizations, so faulty data based on inaccurate measurement methods carry a great risk.Quality will not be meliorate simply as a result of inspection. It must be create into the people and the processes carrying out the work of the organization. In health and social care setting we must all defin e quality, measure its achievement, and create innovations to unendingly improve. This requires active involvement of all within the organization, from the mailroom to the boardroom. Visible, supportive leadership is essential.II. If quality is about meeting customers or service users requirements, it is important to discover what these requirements are (Martin and Henderson, 2001 p. 178)Quality is most easily recognised in its absence and many public perceptions of healthcare are based upon measuring the absence of quality for example, waiting times, waiting list sizes, even illness itself are all measurements of the absence of quality.The client/patient the client/patients view of the quality of their experience will depend upon two factors a successful outcome and a positive experience before, during and after treatment. However, some procedures which may be deemed clinically desirable to maximise the probability of a successful outcome may be highly uncomfortable and inconvenie nt for the patient.Increasingly, the separation between these aspects is being questioned as it is recognised that clinical outcomes are influenced by a patients general state of well-being. This increases the need to take account of what has been traditionally considered as non-clinical aspects of care.Service quality is more difficult for patients to evaluate than goods quality. A patients assessment of the quality of health care services is more complex and difficult for them as well.Patients do not evaluate service quality solely on the outcome of a service they also consider the process of service delivery. The antibiotics may have resolved the throat infection, but if discourtesy and an degage attitude marked the patients interaction with the provider, the perception may well be poor service quality.The patient defines the only criteria that count in evaluating service quality. Only patients can judge service quality all other judgments are irrelevant. Patients requirements, in my opinion, areAccess approachability and ease of contact. communion keeping patients informed in language they can understand. Listening to them is every bit important. Less use of of medical jargon.Competence possession of the required skills and knowledge to perform the service.Courtesy politeness, respect, consideration, and friendliness of health and social care worker. credibility trustworthiness, believability, and honesty of the service provider.Reliability the ability to perform the promised service reliably and accurately.Responsiveness the willingness to help patients and to provide prompt service.Security freedom from danger, risk, or doubt.Understanding of the needs of a patient making the effort to know patients and their needs.III. Service user involvement has become a buzzword in policy aimed at achieving quality. Discuss strategies used to involve service users and their effectiveness. (4.2)Service user involvement is a two way process that involves both servic e users and their service provider in the sharing of ideas, where service users are able to influence decisions and take part in what is happeningPatients, carers, parents and advocates of the roll and vulnerable should have input into the kind of health service we have. They should be consulted about changes to services, and they should be involved in the design of those services. They should help to set the standards by which services are judged, and help to assess whether a particular aspect of the service meets those standards. At every stage, the users of the health service should be offered the opportunity to play an active part in developing, delivering and evaluating their service. Involvement can be achieved by using the following methods.Information sharingThis may include letters, posters, newsletters, videos, tapes, text messages and forums.ListeningThis may include one to one interviews, group interviews, focus groups, and service user meetings, one off events, questio nnaires and workshopsaudienceThis may include one to one interviews, group interviews, focus groups, questionnaires, one off specific focused events, workshops, and video or drama events. fightThis may include user panels focused on specific topics, nonmigratory groups, inclusion in organising events, videos and other media to give information to other service users.Patients should be involved in making decisions about their own health care. They should be actively involved in co-designing services, redesigning services, developing services or change management. The government should be undertaking peer education and support. more than patients should be taking part in research. These strategies could be used to involve service users.

Use Of Determiners In Newspaper Media Media Essay

Use Of Determiners In News motif Media Media EssayThis study aims to examine how different strategies and processes argon apply in sociolinguistics, as a way of adjustment of the generators manner of address, in relation to his or her perception of the addressee focalizationing on the use of determinatives. The guessing for this study is and so fewer determiners get turn up be deleted from the news cover considered up- food securities indus render ( classify 1), than the measuring stick deleted from those newspaper publishers considered mid(prenominal) and down- commercialize (Group 2).This is a complex process of change within the dynamics of colloquy and piece of music.1It is a lot said that convergence seems to be the rule in media language. For instance, phonological features in radio broadcasting showed that presenters use measurably much than at large(p) pronunciations in stations which primarily address lower physique, little educated, and younger listene rs.2As far as newspapers are concerned, the followed classic hypothesis of convergence has been made by S. H entirely, who claims that there is reciprocity of producer/ necessitateer of which he c eached the public idiom of the media. heretofore, this does non mean that the readers actu aloney speak what they read or listen to, but there is evidence to apprize that a convergence takes place and that distributively paper makes its own convergence toward what it sees as a mode of discourse acceptable to its readership.3 basis Research tam-tam has carried stunned research into determiner excision4that being news shows show within the face Language that limit the meaning of a noun and comes out front a descriptive adjective modifying the equivalent noun (e.g. the, a, an, this etc.).5Several studies show that the gash of obligates in such dialects distinguishes tabloids from broadsheet British Newspapers. These are correlationswith assumed class and education and the excis ion of determiners seems to imply modernity, populism, and diary keeperic raciness.Ryden and Bell6 both(prenominal) inquire the use of noun phrase name appositions in the language of newspapers, and in incident the col of phrases alike(p) Opposition leader Neil Knock with the descriptive noun phrase without a determiner preceding the title. This format is relatively recent and is, in Britain, largely but non entirely restricted to the two categories of mid-down trade papersThe influence of the reader in newspaper flare is support by the research carried out by Bell7and Jucker8. Bell, in his studies on naming expressions, states that this practice was more common in papers like The Sun, The Mirror, and The Express than in The Telegraph, The protector and The quantify.After studying the deletion of determiners Jucker dual-lane British newspapers into three categories up-market The Times, Financial Times, The Guardian, The Independent, The cursory telegraph, midmarket periodi cal ring armor, Daily Express, down-market Daily Mirror, The Daily Star, and The Sun. He form that determiners were deleted more often in down-market papers than in mid-market papers, while there were very few deletions in style with a certain type of reader.MethodologyMany considerations were taken in terms of which method would be best to use in put in to carry out the investigation into the use of determiners in the media. The first finis that had to be made was which branch of the media would be used as a source for the study. The options ranged from television programs, magazines, internet websites, radio and newspapers. The choice of newspapers was made establish primarily on access to previous research, menti aced in the above Background Research section of this report. The detail that a similar study had been carried out byBell et al. in the comparison of determiner usage between the different types of newspaper gave a good basis on which to base this study. Added to th is is the intrigue of whether the results obtained bequeath require a similar outcome to those obtained by these linguists twenty years ago.The next step was to realise that in order to study determiners, a content digest was the totally possible method that could be used. It was overly the same method used by Bell et al. in their study. However there are many an(prenominal) advantages and disadvantages of using this process that led to many limitations to the practical side of the study. It is fairly clock consuming which can often limit the researcher to a smaller sample than a slight time consuming method. The chance for a margin of error is increase particularly if relational analysis is used. This study does require a take aim of relational analysis that being the assumption of what, by todays standard of English, counts as a missing determiner and what does not which limits the validity of the results, especially if the design is to directly compare the results set in motion by Bell et al. It is to a fault tough to computerize and therefore the results obtained stool to be manually automated which adds to the tote up time consumption that using a digital content analysis could perhaps leave avoided.On the other hand there are many advantages to using content analysis such as the fact that it can combine quantitative and qualitative operations through the dexterity to see conkly the context of the deletion or inclusion. This method too has very few ethical issues as it is available to the public and no permission is needed in order to access it. It is to a fault a very unobtrusive convey of analysing the use of the English Language. It is also h whizst as this study has been do before and can be restate by the same or other researchers.The study therefore began first of all by selecting a number of different newspapers to compare. This was d integrity by initially selecting an impact number of British papers that are considered up -market newspapers, i.e. The Times, The Guardian, The Daily Telegraph, and an equal number of mid-downmarket9newspapers such as The Daily Mail, The Sun and The Daily Star. The half a dozen papers aforementioned were picked from those available from the University Shop on campus, with each family unit of newspaper represented and to be used in comparison with each other. They were whence grouped into the retrospective classes Group 1 included The Times, The Daily Telegraph and The Guardian Group 2 included The Sun, The Daily Mail and The Daily Star. The hypothesis, that fewer determiners will be deleted from the papers in Group 1 than the quantity deleted from Group 2, was then decided upon.After the newspapers were selected the particular(prenominal) details of how this content analysis would be carried out was then concur upon. It was decided that two expressions would be analysed from each of the six papers one regarding a governmental subject and the other focussing on sp ort. This was done in order to firstly observe if there was any engagement between the uses of determiners between the papers and then sustainly if there was a difference within the different papers when the subject matter was different. It was clear that in order to increase the validity of this research the newspapers analysed would have to all be taken from the same date and then the articles elect were to be about the same topic within politics and sport. The newspapers were therefore accumulate for analysis on the 6th May 2010 and the similar stories of the day in the two subject areas were then analysed. It was decided that the headlines and tag lines of all the articles would be included in the study. However it was recognised that headlines in general escape to have determiner deletions as standard.After the articles were selected the exact process of working(a) out the determiner deletion was decided upon. Firstly the article word length was counted and recorded, then the entire article was analysed and all the determiners within the article were highlighted and totalled. Then a second analysis of each article was carried out in order to locate where the determiners were missing in accordance with ideal English practice.10These would over again be totalled and recorded in a spread sheet where the number of determiners which have been deleted would be calculated as a luck of the total determiners that could have been used in the entire article.Although all measure has been taken to improve the reliability, validity and practical issues posed by any method of research, this study is not without its limitations. Firstly not all the variables can be controlled. Firstly, the sex of the journalist whom had written each article is not being taken into nib. This means that the results obtained could be reduced in validity, receivable to the fact that gender could have an influence over the amount of determiners used within the articles. In a simila r vein, the age of the journalist is also unknown, which could similarly have an impact upon the amount of determiners used or deleted. It is also a fairly subjective study and it is likely that more or less determiner deletions could be overlooked depending upon the researcher carrying out the study. Due to the time consuming nature of this method as aforementioned the sample surface had to be kept quite small to three newspapers of the two different categories. This reduces the representativeness of the study as not all newspapers have been analysed. Added to this, only one newspaper considered mid-market has been used alongside two considered down market which means the sample is not as representative as it could be. Therefore it is belike unlikely that any generalisations can be made from this study only suggestions.ResultsThe table of results and bar graphs for this study can be found in Appendices 1.0 2.2.DiscussionAs stated in the hypothesis it would have been pass judg ment that this study would produce results similar to those presented by Bell in 1991, though possibly not so polarised and extreme, with up-markets exhibiting the least amount of determiner deletion and mid-down markets the highest. When looking at the sum of the combined totals for up-market newspapers and the mid-down market newspapers it can be seen that the up market newspapers had the combined average determiner deletion of 31.9% and the mid-down market newspapers had the combined average determiner deletion of 44.17%. This suggests that the hypothesis that fewer determiners will be deleted from the newspapers considered up-market (Group 1) than the amount deleted from those newspapers considered mid and down-market (Group 2) is supported by the results found.The newspaper with the highest average deletions was the mid-market newspaper, The Daily Mail, with an average of 15.97% determiner deletion. However, very surprisingly the up-market newspaper, The Guardian, came out wit h the second highest average voice of determiner deletion, at 20.78%. no only is this upset(prenominal) because it is an up-market newspaper, but also because The Guardians politics article had the highest determiner deletion ploughshare within the entire study. Based on the premise that up-markets are aimed at a higher and more educated social class than mid-down markets, and also that politics articles are likely to draw a more educate readership than sports articles, it was anticipated that the former type of newspaper would use a more standard form of English with a lower percentage of determiner deletion. In addition to this, it was presumed that sports articles would also have a higher percentage of determiner deletion than articles written about politics but this was not found to be the case with many of the newspapers.The Daily Telegraph was the paper that supported the hypothesis the most as it came in at the tail with only 6.09% deletion for its politics article, and this is what was supposed would happen taking into account Bells study and findings. Nevertheless, it was The Daily Telegraphs sports article that actually came in with the lowest amount of deletion, with only 3.88%. This finding was unforeseen, but it may be that the journalist pen the politics article for The Daily Telegraph wished to make it snappier so as to attract a larger audience, and believed that deleting determiners would achieve this effect. The Times supports the hypothesis as its sports article contains 15.7% of determiner deletion, but only 7.34% in its politics issue. It is also relatively near the bottom of the table as would be expected, considering it is one of the chosen up-market newspapers. The Times was in fact the newspaper that Bell found had the least amount determiner deletion in 1991, with only 5%. However it has been found that as time has passed journalists from both types of papers unravel to use determiner deletion as much as each other. It is perh aps now the case that they are less concerned with targeting a very specific audience and more so with selling newspapers. It seems to be mid-down market papers that have changed the most. Bell found that they all had 73% deletion of determiners or above, whereas this study has found that the highest percentage of a mid-down market newspaper is 20.48% from The Sun. Perhaps these newspapers are trying to make themselves appear less mid-market, and appeal to a more sophisticated audience.ImprovementsIf this study was to be performed again there are a few ways in which it could be improved. Firstly, as two outgrowths of the group worked out the percentage of determiner deletion there is immediately going to be a difference in results as deciding where determiners should be and have been deleted is a subjective process. It is not always clear and so perhaps if this were to be replicated each member of the group should work out the percentage from all papers and then compare the finding s, working out the average percentage of deletion.Using a larger sample would also be beneficial as one article may not be representative of the whole newspaper, and so there may have been anomalies within the results. The articles chosen were all of vary lengths and so this could have affected the results. It may be that articles tend to have the most determiner deletion at the end and therefore the perennial an article is the higher percentage of deletion. It could even be possible that the journalists articles that were chosen to be analysed could have previously or aspired to be a writer for the other type of newspaper, and so arestill paternity in that style. This is possibly something that could have been researched to ensure the articles used in this study were written by the same types of authors and were truly representative of the whole papers style. Moreover, there was no focus in the study on one particular sex and therefore next time a comparison between male journal ists writing for up-markets and female journalists writing for the same type of paper could be looked into and compared against mid-down market newspapers. It would be interesting to discover whether females for example chose to delete more determiners than males. cultivationIn conclusion, this study has supported the hypothesis but only to an extent. It has found a very mixed set of results with some papers supporting the hypothesis and others challenging it. Whilst it was found that a mid-down market newspaper did have the highest average percentage of determiner deletion what was most surprising was that The Guardian has the second highest average percentage of determiner deletion, which would very much suggest that times and the styles attributed to each type of newspaper have changed drastically in the twenty years since Bell performed his study. This may possibly be due to the fact that newspaper sales are continually declining, and so both types of papers are trying to appea l to a wider audience. As suggested by Roy Greenslade, print cant compete with 24-hour news on television and radio,11and so they need to do all they can to up their sales. If up-market newspapers for example poke out to focus on an upper-class audience then they are earnestly limiting their number of potential buyers, and so buy removing determiners they make their articles snappier and more accessible to a larger audience. It is also possible that the complexity of the issues inform on in up-market newspapers actually makes it harder to cut out determiners, and therefore the political issues have a higher amount of determiner deletion because their authors try a lot harder to do so. Finally, the results obtained by this study imply that the percentage of determiner deletion could depend more on the journalist writing the article, as opposed to the type of newspaper they are writing for.BibliographyAllen, Robert, The Penguin English Dictionary, (London The Penguin Group, 2001)Be ll, Allen, The Language of the News Media, (Oxford Blackwell, 1991)Giles, Howard and Peter F. Powesland,Speech Style and Social Evaluation, (London pedantic Press, 1975)Holmes, Janet, An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, (Essex, Pearson Education Limited), pp. 137-138Leonhard, Joachim-Flix, Hans-Werner Ludwig, Media Science A Manual for the Development of the Media and communication Forms, (Berlin Walter de Gruyter Co., 2002)Jucker, Andreas H, Social stylistics Syntactic Variation in British Newspapers, (Berlin Walter de Gruyter Co., 1992)Roy Greensdale, Newspaper sales Plunge over the Decade, Monday 14th December, 2009 accessed 19th May 2010Appendix 1.0A Table of ResultsNewspaperTypeArticle Subject% Deletion bonnieCombined AverageArticle Word CountNo. of DeterminersNo. of Deleted DeterminersThe GuardianUp-marketPolitics20.78%15.39%87015432 athletic competition10.00%79514014The TimesUp-marketPolitics7.34%11.52%7271098Sport15.70%63412119The TelegraphUp-marketPolitics6.09%4.99% 31.90%800cxv7Sport3.88%8271034The Daily MailMid-marketPolitics16.03%15.97%79913121Sport15.91%87813221The SunMid-marketPolitics20.48%14.37%7678313Sport8.25%587978The Daily StarDown-marketPolitics19.10%13.84%44.17%69411522Sport8.57%8361059 Appendix 2.0A Bar graphical record Depicting the Results of Determiner Deletions between the Types of Newspapers and Subject MatterAppendix 2.1A Bar Graph Depicting the Results of Average Determiner Deletions between all Newspapers